empress Directory References Discover Is Cinco de Mayo Mexico's Independence Day? Timeline of the 2000s Who Invented the Internet? 7 of the World’s Deadliest Plants Water Fluoridation: Just the Facts 12 Novels Considered the “Greatest Book Ever Written” Spies Like Us: 10 Famous Names in the Espionage Game Contents empress title Ask the Chatbot a Question Ask the Chatbot a Question Learn about this topic in these articles:Assorted Referenceshistory of the term “emperor” In emperor…female rulers were always called empress; both males and females held both titles, i.e., tsar (or tsaritsa) and imperator (or imperatritsa).Read MoreSPECIAL FEATURElist of empresses