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steel
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manufacturing
How iron is turned into steel
Iron-carbon equilibrium diagram.
Scientific secrets of Game of Thrones' Valyrian steel
A basic oxygen furnace shop. An electric-arc furnace. Open-hearth furnace. Three ladle treatment stations. Ingot solidification. A curved-mold continuous slab caster.
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manufacturing
steel summary
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cigar. cigars. Hand-rolled cigars. Cigar manufacturing. Tobacco roller. Tobacco leaves, Tobacco leaf
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Photos and Videos

manufacturing
Iron-carbon equilibrium diagram.
A basic oxygen furnace shop.
An electric-arc furnace.
Open-hearth furnace.
Three ladle treatment stations.
Ingot solidification.
A curved-mold continuous slab caster.
Gap between two rolls, showing reduction and elongation of workpiece (see text).
Two basic rolling-mill designs.
How iron is turned into steel
Scientific secrets of Game of Thrones' Valyrian steel
Visit the Wire Museum in Altena, Germany
How scrap metal becomes steel in Norway's northernmost mill
See All Videos and Images →

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Key People

Amelia zur Helle Thyssen
German industrialist and philanthropist
August Thyssen
German industrialist
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie
American industrialist and philanthropist
Henry Bessemer
Henry Bessemer
English inventor and engineer
Sir William Siemens, engraving after a portrait by Rudolf Lehmann
Sir William Siemens
British inventor
A photo of Jamsetji Tata.
Jamsetji Tata
Indian industrialist
Schwab, Charles M.
Charles M. Schwab
American manufacturer
John A. Roebling
John Augustus Roebling
American engineer
Henry J. Kaiser
American industrialist
Hewitt, Abram Stevens
Abram Stevens Hewitt
mayor of New York City
Stinnes, Hugo
Hugo Stinnes
German industrialist
Holabird, William; Roche, Martin; Marquette Building
William Holabird
American architect
Henry Clay Frick.
Henry Clay Frick
American industrialist and philanthropist
Friedrich Flick
German industrialist
Elbert H. Gary
Elbert Henry Gary
American jurist
Cyrus S. Eaton
American industrialist
Thyssen, Fritz
Fritz Thyssen
German industrialist
Réaumur, detail of an engraving by J. Blanchon
René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur
French entomologist
Sir John Brown
British manufacturer
Alexander Lyman Holley
American metallurgist and mechanical engineer

Related Quizzes and Features

Quiz
cigar. cigars. Hand-rolled cigars. Cigar manufacturing. Tobacco roller. Tobacco leaves, Tobacco leaf
Building Blocks of Everyday Objects